Conventional refining depends on full metal separation, solvent extraction, and multi-step crystallization. Each step adds capital, energy use, and waste, producing flowsheets that are too costly and complex to deploy at the speed domestic supply chains require.
SPARC™ replaces complex, step-heavy flowsheets with a streamlined critical materials refining process designed to make both NMC and LFP battery waste economically viable. The process has been validated at pilot scale, with product performance independently confirmed by a leading U.S. national laboratory.
High Recovery Performance
High recovery of critical metals into battery-grade products.
Smaller-Scale Viability
Designed for profitable operation at practical commercial scale.
Industrial Deployment
Built around scalable hydrometallurgical unit operations.
Lower Salt Waste
Reduces salt waste vs. conventional refining.
Direct Battery-Grade Outputs
Produces battery-grade products not intermediate products.
Streamlined Processing
Eliminates costly and energy-intensive steps.
Low Carbon Pathway
Supports lower-carbon refining.
Closed-Loop Water Management
Zero-liquid-discharge design with no toxic off-gas.
SPARC™ eliminates the need for full metal separation and multi-step crystallization in NMC recycling. By replacing multiple complex steps with a streamlined refining process, SPARC™ produces battery-grade pCAM and lithium hydroxide while reducing process complexity, energy intensity, and waste generation.
LFP’s lower intrinsic material value has made conventional recycling difficult to justify economically, despite its rapid growth in EVs and stationary storage. SPARC™ addresses this challenge with an impurity-tolerant process design that enables efficient lithium recovery from lower-value streams and produces battery-grade lithium products through a simpler refining pathway.
SPARC™ integrates proprietary leaching and impurity-rejection steps to deliver high recovery and high-purity outputs without roasting, solvent extraction, or multi-step crystallization. The flowsheet is designed to process both NMC and LFP chemistries and engineered for industrial deployment.
Compact plants, faster deployment, smaller footprints. SPARC™ produces battery-grade pCAM and lithium hydroxide that feed directly into cathode and battery manufacturing. No intermediate products. No additional refining step required.